Which of the following are roles of INS researchers in research and evaluation?

• A. Evaluate impact of EHR on patient outcomes
• B. Aggregate data, create trend reports and predictive models for nurse managers, and analyze outcomes against quality indicators
• C. Conduct usability studies comparing clinic kiosks to in-person interviews
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

These roles cover how information systems affect care, how data informs management decisions, and how usable the technology is for users. Evaluating the impact of an EHR on patient outcomes demonstrates studying clinical effectiveness and safety. Aggregating data, creating trend reports and predictive models for nurse managers, and analyzing outcomes against quality indicators show how data analytics and quality measurement support oversight and improvement. Conducting usability studies comparing clinic kiosks to in-person interviews reflects examining user interaction and usability to optimize workflows and patient experience. Since all of these activities represent typical research and evaluation tasks in nursing informatics, all of the above are roles.